This indicates that major dams represent major barriers for platypus movements. Genetic differentiation ( F ST) across dams was 4- to 20-fold higher than along similar stretches of adjacent undammed rivers F ST across dams was similar to differentiation between adjacent river systems. Here we examined disruption of gene flow between platypus groups below and above five major dams, matched to four adjacent rivers without major dams. Nevertheless, uncertainties remain whether dams are barriers to movement, thus limiting gene flow and dispersal, essential to evolution and ecology. Although spending most of their time in the water, platypuses can move over land. The evolutionarily unique platypus ( Ornithorhynchus anatinus) has experienced major declines and extinctions from a range of historical and recent interacting human-mediated threats.
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